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| LETTERS TO EDITOR |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 64
| Issue : 12 | Page : 1077-1078 |
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Unilateral complete ptosis after scalp block: A rare complication of common procedure
Situ Situ1, Priyanka Gupta1, Mageshwaran Thirunavukkarasu1, Gyanendra Chaudhary2
1 Department of Anaesthesia, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
2 Department of Paediatric Surgery, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| Date of Submission | 27-May-2020 |
| Date of Decision | 04-Jul-2020 |
| Date of Acceptance | 14-Jul-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 12-Dec-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Situ Situ
Department of Anaesthesia, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ija.IJA_675_20
How to cite this article:
Situ S, Gupta P, Thirunavukkarasu M, Chaudhary G. Unilateral complete ptosis after scalp block: A rare complication of common procedure. Indian J Anaesth 2020;64:1077-8 |
How to cite this URL:
Situ S, Gupta P, Thirunavukkarasu M, Chaudhary G. Unilateral complete ptosis after scalp block: A rare complication of common procedure. Indian J Anaesth [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 23];64:1077-8. Available from: https://www.ijaweb.org/text.asp?2020/64/12/1077/303240 |
Sir,
Surgical stress response as a result of untreated pain perioperatively may adversely affect various physiological functions and even may lead to increased perioperative morbidity and mortality.[1] The scalp nerve block is commonly performed during intracranial surgeries, during excision of various lesions of scalps and to treat chronic headaches.[2] Scalp block minimises noxious stimuli to the rich sensory nerve supply of the scalp which may lead to stress response reduction and haemodynamic stability during surgeries involving the scalp.[2] Excision of scalp mass, particularly involving territories of the occipital nerve, may lead to post-surgical occipital neuralgia, which may lead to debilitating chronic headache in future.[3] Perioperative scalp block may thus not only provide relief for acute pain but also potentially decrease persistent post-operative pain.[4] Here, we report complete unilateral ptosis as a complication related to scalp block in a 15-year-old girl who underwent excision of a large dermatofibroma of the scalp.
A 15-year-old, 50-kg girl presented with dermatofibroma (5 cm × 3 cm) of the scalp over the occipito-parietal (central with right-side extension) region posted for wide local excision and rotation flap cover. Preanaesthetic evaluation was within normal limits. In operating room, standard monitors were attached and the patient was induced with general anaesthesia using standard protocol. Following induction, bilateral scalp block was given to supplement intraoperative analgesia and also to provide residual post-operative analgesia using bupivacaine 0.25% with 21G needle, and a volume of 2 ml 0.25% bupivacaine was given at supratrochlear, supraorbital, zygomaticotemporal, auriculotemporal, lesser occipital and greater occipital nerves of both sides. Intraoperative haemodynamics were stable, and intraoperative muscle relaxant and analgesic requirement was minimal. The surgery continued for approximately ~4 h. At the end of surgery, residual muscle paralysis was reversed and the patient was extubated. Post-operative vitals were normal. Immediately following extubation, complete ptosis of the right eye was observed [Figure 1], however, the remaining neurological assessment was normal. The patient was shifted to post-anaesthesia recovery room for observation. Approximately 10 h later, the ptosis was completely resolved [Figure 2].
Local anaesthetic toxicity, severe bradycardia, hypertension and inadvertent subarachnoid injection have been reported as complications of scalp block.[1] Transient facial nerve palsy and trigeminocardiac reflex have also been reported with scalp block.[5] Unilateral complete ptosis due to scalp block is a rare complication associated with scalp block. While transient facial nerve palsy could have been considered as the cause for ptosis in our patient, other features of facial nerve palsy such as deviation of the angle of the mouth or drooling of saliva were not observed. This prompted a search for other probable causes. On further examination, a haematoma was observed over the right upper eyelid leading us to suspect that it could be causing mechanical ptosis. Treatment for the same was started with cold compresses, anti-inflammatory drugs and keeping the head propped up. We observed that the ptosis resolved with the resolution of the haematoma, which confirmed our suspicion. The haematoma could have developed because of rapid infiltration of a large volume of local anaesthetic around the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves. A volume of 0.5–1 ml of local anaesthetic and a smaller size needle of 25G are recommended particularly to infiltrate the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves to prevent such complications.[6]
 References | |  |
| 1. | Sharma UD, Prateek HT, Tak H. Effect of addition of dexamethasone to ropivacaine on post-operative analgesia in ultrasonography-guided transversus abdominis plane block for inguinal hernia repair: A prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2018;62:371-5.  [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 2. | Osborn I, Sebeo J. Scalp block during craniotomy: A classic technique revisited. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2010;22:187-94. |
| 3. | Yang JS, Choi HJ, Cho YJ, Kang SH. Sensory complications in patients after scalp mass excision and its anatomical considerations. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2014;55:200-4. |
| 4. | Wardhana A, Sudadi S. Scalp block for analgesia after craniotomy: A meta-analysis. Indian J Anaesth 2019;63:886-94. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 5. | Sargın M, Samancıoğlu H, Uluer MS. Transient facial nerve palsy after the scalp block for burr hole evacuation of subdural hematoma. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2018;46:238-40. |
| 6. | Sola C, Dadure C, Choquet O, Capdevila X. Nerve blocks of the face. In: Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill; 2017. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
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